Prevalence and Pattern of Cervical Smears Pathology in a Tertiary Hospital in Northeastern Nigeria
Keywords:
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, High grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance, MAUTH, YolaAbstract
Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant lesion of the cervix that progresses into cervical cancer if untreated. An early diagnosis which determines the treatment of CIN is a preventive measure of cervical cancer. Diagnosis in a developing setting like Nigeria lacks screening programmes which may affect early detection of the disease.
Objectives: The study is aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of cervical cytology of smears received in the Department of Pathology, Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola.
Methods: A retrospective study of all cervical smears received, processed and reported at the Department of Pathology, Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola between January 2015 to December 2019. Classification was by the Bethesda system and analysis was by simple statistical methods.
Results: The overall prevalence of CIN was 12% during the study period, While the percentage of normal smears was 74.5%, Unsatisfactory smears 11.4% and the percentage of cytological abnormality was ASC-US 4.6%, AG-US: 4.6%, LGSIL 44.4%, HGSIL 31.8% and 14.6% for Invasive lesions. 33.3% of women aged 35-44 years had CIN, which was the highest age group.
Conclusion: Premalignant lesion are common, and a need for regular cervical screening programme to identify and monitor women with these lesions is recommended for early treatment.
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