The Single Dose Versus Multiple Doses of Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection among Patients Who Had Elective Caesarean Section in Bauchi, Nigeria

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: The rate of caesarean section has increased worldwide which has also affected the rates of surgical complications including infections and an antibiotic prophylaxis has been shown to reduce the surgical site infections.

Objective: We assessed and compared the effectiveness of single dose and multiple doses of Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid for chemoprophylaxis on infectious morbidity in elective caesarian section at Hospital in Nigeria.

Methodology: A randomized control trial was carryout among 114 eligible participants enrolled in the study and randomly allocated into two study arms -- “Group I” and “Group II”. Participants in “Group I” received a single intravenous dose of 1.2g Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid within 60minutes of the procedure. While participants in “Group II” received single intravenous dose of 1.2g Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid within 60 minutes of the procedure and 625mg of Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid twice daily for 7days beginning immediately patients commence orals. Both groups were followed for 30days and were assessed for signs and symptoms of surgical-site infection as the primary outcome. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0 and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean ± SD ages of the patients in the Groups I and II were 29.3 ± 5.45 and 29.8 ± 5.35 years, respectively (t = −0.485, p = 0.63). The prevalence of wound infection in the Groups I and II were 3.6% and 1.8% respectively. The difference in surgical site infection was not statistically significant among the 2 groups (p > 0.99).

Conclusion: Preoperative single dose of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid when compared with multiple doses has no statistically significant difference in infectious morbidity between the groups.

Key words:  Prevalence, Surgical site infection, Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid doses, Caesarean section, Bauchi