P53 Assessment in Endometrial Carcinoma: A Thirteen-Year Immunohistochemical Analysis in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (2008-2020) Kano

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims:The presence of P53 mutation in histologically diagnosed endometrial carcinoma cases in Kano.

Settings and Design: This was a thirteen year (2008-2020) retrospective study of  endometrial carcinomas diagnosed in the histopathology department of Aminu Kano Teaching  Hospital, Kano.

Methods and Material: Relevant information on patients’ biodata, clinical history, histology slides and tissue  blocks were retrieved from departmental records. P53 antibody marker testing was performed on all relevant tissue blocks.  

Results: Eight thousand one hundred and fifteen (8115) gynaecological samples were  processed and analysed during the study period. Seven hundred and eighty eight (10%) were genital  tract malignancies with endometrial carcinomas accounting for ninety six (12.2%) of the cases. fifty five of these 96 endometrial carcinoma cases met the inclusion criteria for this study. The mean age of presentation was in the 6th decades of life with over 75% of the patients being postmenopausal. Type 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma was  the commonest (76.4%) cancer type while the remaining 23.6% was type II endometrial carcinoma. A hundred percent (100%) P53 positivity was observed in type II  endometrial carcinoma cases.

Conclusions: Endometrial cancer accounted for 12.2% of gynaecological malignancies in our  study and occurred by at least a decade earlier in our patients compared to cases in developed  countries. Majority of our cases were the type I variants while all the type II cancers tested positive  for P53 mutation, which is an important therapeutic and prognostic marker of disease progression.