Socio-Demographic Correlates of Comorbid Anxiety and Depression Among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in A Tertiary Health Institution in Ondo City, Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract

Background

Pregnancy is often a joyful experience, but many women experience psychological disorders due to hormonal changes, physical discomfort, and anticipation of motherhood.

Aim

To determine the prevalence and patterns of anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression in pregnant women attending antenatal care at UNIMEDTH Ondo.

Method

A descriptive cross-sectional design was used, employing a validated questionnaire.

Result

The study found that anxiety was prevalent in the first, second, and third trimesters, with rates of 31.1%, 47.9%, and 14.7%, respectively. The prevalence of depression was 50.3%, 46.5%, and 47.0%, while comorbid anxiety and depression had rates of 18.6%, 13.3%, and 15.5% in the first, second, and third trimesters. Respondents  with a primary education or less exhibited a 3.522 times higher odds of experiencing comorbid anxiety and depression compared to those with tertiary education(OR=3.52, p=0.018). Furthermore, a noteworthy correlation was identified between comorbid anxiety and depression and average monthly income, with a 1-unit increase in income associated with higher odds of these conditions (OR=1.00, p<0.009). Respondents who preferred a male child had a 3.819 times higher likelihood of experiencing comorbid anxiety and depression, while those who preferred a female child had a 4.201 times higher likelihood of experiencing these symptoms, both statistically significant compared to those indifferent to gender (OR=3.819, p=0.018, OR= 4.201, p=0.009).

Conclusion

These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of predictors influencing comorbid anxiety and depression. Relevant stakeholder must be involve in the prevention of these disorders

Keywords; Anxiety, Depression; Comorbid, Antenatal, Nigeria

Running title; Comorbid Anxiety and Depression among antenatal women